與各國關稅協議談妥 美財長稱「這國」將面臨貿易震撼
發布時間：2025/08/08 08:53:37
更新時間：2025/08/08 09:22:48
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圖、文／周刊王
美國總統川普（Donald Trump）1日宣布對台灣課徵20%「暫時性稅率」，並於昨（7）日中午正式生效。美國財政部長貝森特（Scott Bessent）表示，美國與多數國家的貿易協議已大致完成，今年關稅收入預估將突破3000億美元，明年（2026年）金額還會更高。他強調，新關稅政策將重振美國製造業，創造成千上萬的工作機會。
貝森特反駁外界對「貿易震撼」的擔憂，表示川普的政策不會重演1930年代《斯姆特－霍利關稅法案》引發的全球貿易危機。該法案當年為應對經濟大蕭條，將超過2萬種進口商品關稅調升至歷史高點，導致各國報復性加稅，全球貿易萎縮，經濟衰退更加惡化。
不過，貝森特強調，目前與中國的商業與貿易關係正進行「重新調整」，這將對中國造成重大的「貿易震撼」。他直言，真正會受到貿易震撼的不是美國，而是中國。他並指出，雖然川普的新關稅措施力度空前，但不同於過去的保護主義政策，其核心目的是強化美國經濟與製造業競爭力，同時減少對外部市場的依賴。
《斯姆特－霍利關稅法案》是美國1930年為了因應大蕭條而制定的關稅法案，這份法案將20000多種的進口商品的關稅提升到歷史最高水平，其他國家因此向美國祭出報復性關稅，反而加重了大蕭條的影響，使景氣低迷更久。
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