美國鋼鋁新關稅「大殺器」來襲 韓國407項產品受衝擊
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圖、文／周刊王
美國近日擴大對進口鋼鐵與鋁產品的關稅範圍，將原本適用於特定項目的50%關稅，大幅延伸至包含407項衍生品，引發南韓產業界高度不安。根據《韓聯社》報導，這項依據《貿易擴張法》第232條實施的新規定，新增納入的課徵對象包括機械、汽車零組件與電子設備等多元產品，自美東時間18日凌晨0時1分起正式上路。凡是進口至美國，或從保稅倉庫提領相關產品者，都必須依新制繳納高額關稅。
美國近日擴大對進口鋼鐵與鋁產品的關稅範圍，將原本適用於特定項目的50%關稅，大幅延伸至包含407項衍生品，引發南韓產業界高度不安。根據《韓聯社》報導，這項依據《貿易擴張法》第232條實施的新規定，新增納入的課徵對象包括機械、汽車零組件與電子設備等多元產品，自美東時間18日凌晨0時1分起正式上路。凡是進口至美國，或從保稅倉庫提領相關產品者，都必須依新制繳納高額關稅。
南韓產業通商資源部表示，此次新增課徵的項目多數屬於重要產業鏈與核心零組件範疇，並細分至美方HS編碼8至10位層級，廠商需仔細查核產品是否被列入。雖部分項目仍維持原本談判取得的15%互惠稅率，但對於新增50%關稅的項目來說，南韓出口商將面臨嚴重壓力。
報導中提到，這波政策變動始於5月，美國業界提交追加請求，經6月公聽與意見徵詢後定案。美方聲稱關稅措施是為維護國家安全，不過南韓貿易協會與多家企業持續溝通，強調南韓產品不構成安全威脅。最終美國僅排除60項產品，其餘多數仍納入232條款適用，對南韓造成重大衝擊。
南韓官員指出，根據美國公告，美方將持續受理業界申請至9月，預計會有更多鋼鋁相關製品納入高關稅範圍。為協助中小企業應對，南韓政府將擴大查驗鋼鋁含量、產地證明等支援，減少業者自費成本，支援範圍將涵蓋所有潛在受影響企業。
南韓產業界憂心，美國擴大關稅清單將重創出口表現，尤其是仰賴美國市場的機械與零組件業首當其衝。政府也呼籲業者應密切掌握關稅政策變動，主動調整供應鏈與市場布局，以分散出口風險。隨著新政已在8月18日正式施行，南韓多個部會與企業正緊急評估後續衝擊，尋求具體應對策略。
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